Friday, January 24, 2020
Manners, Wealth and Status in Rebecca Rushs Novel Kelroy :: Rebecca Rush Kelroy Essays
Manners, Wealth and Status in Rebecca Rush's Novel Kelroy "A novel of manners" this is how the novel Kelroy is described by Kathryn Derounian in her article "Lost in the Crowd: Rebecca Rush's Kelroy (1812)." Throughout the novel, characters such as; Mrs. Hammond, Mr. Manley, Mr. Kelroy, and especially the Gurnet family, show how people are treated differently regarding their wealth, status and mannerisms. Kelroy shows us these relationships and how one is viewed solely on the way in which they present themselves. Culture, at the time Kelroy was written, was much different than culture today. Most women in the early eighteenth century served an ornamental function rather than a domestic function. Most of the women in Kelroy were the ornamental type. The men in the eighteenth century married, not for someone to cook and clean for them, but to have someone pretty and proper to attend social gatherings with. Rush shows some of this culture when she describes Lucy and Emily at a gathering hosted by Mrs. Hammond: The two sisters were dressed exactly alike in white satin and silver. Their fans, gloves and shoes were also white; and the delicacy of their complexions, contrasted with the simple elegance of their attire, and heightened by the glow of youthful animation, rendered them lovely beyond description. (Rush 15) This shows the importance of appearance in this time period. It was typical for wealthy women to dress so elegantly at parties or other social events. This description of attire also shows, to some extent, the practice Mrs. Hammond used in the exaggerated display of her daughters. Not only did the young ladies need to dress elegantly to obtain a wealthy husband, they also had to have appropriate manners. Mrs. Hammond, after the death of her husband, devoted her life to educating her daughters in how they are to properly conduct themselves. Her reasoning for this was a typical one: to make others believe they were an established family of wealth. Mr. Marney's story is a bit different although his goal was similar.
Thursday, January 16, 2020
Cyber Crime
Crime is on the rise just about everywhere these days, but nowhere has this up rise in crime become more apparent than in cyber space. Like so many other aspects of our lives, major fraud has gone high tech.The  FBI estimates that businesses alone lose an upwards of $1.5 trillion annually as a direct result of cyber crimes. The number of these crimes has tripled in the past two years and the numbers continue to climb. (O’Leary & O’Leary)  p. 287Through the duration of this essay we will be embarking on a journey into the dark and seedy world of cyber crime. Within this text you will find, the definition of cyber crime, the most  typical types of cyber criminals, as well as the most common forms of cyber crime.The exact definition of cyber crime is still evolving. ( www.davislogic.com/cybercrime.htm ). Cyber crime, or computer crime,  is an extremely broad term. This term is most commonly used to describe criminal activity committed where a computer or network is the source, tool, or target of a crime. Like traditional crime, cyber crime can take many shapes and occur at any time or any place.When  an  individual  is  the  main  target  of  cyber crime,  the  computer à ‚ can  be  considered  a  tool  rather  than  the  target.  These  crimes  generally  involve  less  technical  expertise  as  the  damage  done  manifests  itself  in  the  real  world. In these types of cases the damage dealt is primarily psychological.By now many of us  are all too familiar with spam. Spam or spamming refers to the abuse of electronic messaging systems to send unsolicited bulk messages indiscriminately. While the most widely recognized form of spam is e-mail spam, the term can also  be applied to similar abuses in other media.Some of these abuses include; instant messaging spam, web search engine spam, s pam in blogs, wiki spam, mobile phone messaging spam, social networking spam, as well as internet forum spam. As applied to email, specific anti-spam laws are relatively new, however limits on unsolicited  electronic communications have existed in some forms for some time.Another common crime plauging cyber space is identity theft.  Internet identity theft is different from common identity theft in a few different ways. Common identity theft is different from common identity theft takes place after something is physically stolen from you like a wallet containing credit cards and a driver’s license or an un-shredded credit card statement from your garbage bin.The thief would take these stolen articles and use them to make a fraudulent purchase or something of that  nature. Internet identity theft can be much more devastating than conventional identity theft at times due to the fact that most victims of internet identity theft are completely unaware that anything has been stolen from them until it is far too late.                                                                                                                        Gone are the days when we had to step outside to purchase our groceries, book flights, and vacations, or simply transfer money between bank accounts.Today, we can simply grab our checkbooks, debit cards or credit cards, sit down at a computer in the comfort and safety of our home, and complete these transactions with passwords and PIN numbers.Thanks to advances in technology, the types of transactions we can now complete online are virtually endless. Unfortunately, the increase in online transactions has been accompanied byà ‚ an increase in online identity theft. Fraudulent access to personal information over the internet is increasingly prevalent and sophisticated.Two  forms of  identity  theft  are  at  the  forefront  of  this  internet  piracy are phishing and pharming.  Both pharming and phishing are methods used to steal personal information from unsuspecting people over the internet. Phishing typically involves fraudulent bulk email messages that  guide recipients to (legitimate looking) fake web sites and try to get them to supply personal information like account passwords. Pharming is in many ways similar to phishing.Pharmers  also  send  emails.  The  consumer,  however,  can  be  duped  by  the  pharmer  without  even opening  an  email  attachment.  The  consumer  compromises  his  personal  financial  information  simply  by opening  the  email  message.The  pharming  email  message  contains  a  virus that  installs  a  small  software  program  on  the  end user’s  computer.  Subsequently,  when  the  consumer  tries  to visit  an  official  web  site,  the  pharmer’s  software  program  redirects  the  browser  to  the  pharmer’s  fake  version  of the  web  site.  This allows the  pharmer  to  capture  the  personal  financial  information that  the  consumer  enters  into  the  counterfeit  web  site,  and  the  consumer’s  a ccount  is  again  compromised.The  latest  form  of  pharming  does  not  require  email  at  all.  Password stealing  Trojan  horses  can  attack  through  Microsoft  Messenger  where  key loggers  are  run.  Key loggers  are  viruses  that  track  a  user’s  keystrokes  on  legitimate  sites  and  steal  passwords,  allowing  a  thief  to  have  access  to  a  consumer’s  password  for  future  fraudulent  transactions.The  most  common  blunder  people  make  when  the  topic  of  a  computer  virus  arises  is  to  refer  to  a worm or Trojan horse as a virus. While  the  words  Trojan,  worm  and  virus  are  often  used  interchangeably,  they  are  not  exactly  the  same.à ‚ Viruses,  worms  and  Trojan  horses  are  all  malicious programs that  can  cause  damage  to  your  computer, but  there  are  differences  among  the  three,  and  knowing  those  differences  can  help  you  to  better  protect  your  computer  from  their  often  damaging  effects.A  computer virus attaches  itself  to  a program  or  file enabling  it  to  spread  from  one  computer  to another,  leaving  infections  as  it  travels.  Like  a  human  virus,  a  computer  virus  can  range  in  severity. Some  viruses may  cause  only  mildly  annoying  effects  while  others  can  damage  your hardware, software or files.Almost  all  viruses  are  attached  to  an  executable file , which means  the  virus  may  exist  on  your computer, however, it may not actually  infect  your  computer  unless  you  run  or  open  the  malicious  program. It  is  important  to  note  that  a  virus  cannot  be  spread  without  human  action,  such  as  running an  infected  program in order to  keep  it  going. People  continue  the  spread  of  a  computer  virus,  mostly unknowingly, by sharing infecting files or sending emails viruses as attachments in the email.In  summary, the  same  types  of  fraud  schemes  that  have  victimized  consumers  and  investors  for  many years  before  the  creation  of  the  internet  are  now  appearing  online. In  the  process,  they  not  only  cause  harm  to  consumers  and  investors,  but  also  undermine  consumer  confidence  in  legitimate  e-commerce  and  the  internet.People who commit cyber crime are cyber criminals. Like cyber crime, cyber criminals can take many forms. These criminals are typically terrorists, child predators, members of organized crime, employees, outside users, hackers and crackers. It is important to point out the difference between hackers and crackers. Hackers are individuals who gain unauthorized access to a computer system simply for the thrill of it. Crackers do the same thing, but for malicious purposes.Computer  hackin g  is  most  common  among  teenagers  and  young  adults,  although  there  are  many older  hackers  as  well.  Many  hackers  are  true  technology  buffs  who  enjoy  learning  more  about  how computers  work  and  consider  computer  hacking  an  art  form.  They  often  enjoy  programming  and  have expert level  skills  in  one  particular  program.For  these  individuals,  computer  hacking  is  a  real  life  application  of  their  problem solving  skills.  It is perceived as a  chance  to  demonstrate, or showcase their abilities, and talents, and not  an  opportunity  to  harm  others.Cracking is the act of breaking into a computer system, often on a  network. Cont rary to popular belief, crackers are hardly mediocre hackers.  Computer hackers were early pioneers of computing. These early pioneers were frantically dedicated to inventing and exploring how things worked. As a part of the sixties generation, these hackers were also prone toward being anti-establishment and somewhat disrespectful towards property rights.Eventually a pair of these hackers, Steve Wozniak and Steven Jobs, hacked together the first commercially successful personal computer, the Apple. The sixties generation hackers flooded this new industry and many quickly attained positions of wealth and authority creating the inf ormation communications ecology that dominates Western life. Meanwhile, two things happened.1.      A new generation of hackers emerged.2.     The world economic and social order went completely digital, and so crime as we know it went digital as well.It  is  somewhere  at  the  interstices  of  the  new  generation  of  alienated  young  hackers  ( they  sometimes  refer  to  themselves  as  â€Å"cyberpunks†)  and  the  world  of  sometimes organized  crime  that  we  locate the  concept  of  the  cracker.  The  term  is,  to  some  degree,  an  attempt  by  the now established  older-generation  hackers  to  separate  themselves  from  computer  crime.The  debate  still  rages  as  to  what  constitutes  the  difference  between  hacking  and  cracking.  Some  say  that  cracking  represents  any  and  all forms  of  rule breaking  and  illegal  activity  using  a  computer.  Others  would  define  cracking  only  as  particularly  destructive criminal  acts. Others would  claim  that  the  early  hackers  were  explicitly anarchistic  and  that  acts  of  willful  destruction  against  â€Å"the  system† have  a  place  in  the  hacker  ethos,  and  that  therefore  the  term  cracker  is  unnecessary  and  insulting.This concludes our journey into the world of cyber crime. Through the course of our journey we have successfully defined cyber crime, identified typical cyber criminals, and discussed some of  the most common forms of cyber crime.The  effects  of  cyber crime  are  far  reaching.  It  would  be  a  difficult  task  to  find  someone  who  has  never  been  affected  by  malicious  internet  activity,  or  who  does  not at  the  very  least  know  someone  who  has  been  negatively  impacted  by  cyber criminals. Advances  in internet  technology  and  services  continue  to  open  up  innumerable  opportunities  for  learning,  networking and  increasing  productivity.  However,  malware  authors,  spammers  and  phishers  are  also  rapidly  adopting  new  and  varied  attack  vectors .If  the internet  is  to  become  a  safer  place,  it  is  imperative  to  understand  the  trends  and  developments  taking  place  in  the  internet  threat  landscape  and  maintain  online security  practices. Internet  threats  continue  to  increase  in  volume  and  severity.It  is  important  that  computer  users  are  on  guard  in  order  to  make  themselves  less  vulnerable  to  risks  and  threats.  Staying on top of  the  trends  and  developments  taking  place  in  online  security  is  critical  for  both  industry  researchers  and  all  computer  users  alike. References    O’Leary, T. J. , & O’Leary L. I. ( 2008 ) . Computing essentials introductory  2008.                 New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies.    Cyber Crime. ( 2008 ) . Types of cyber crime. Retrieved September 27th , 2008 ,                 From http://www.davislogic.com/cybercrime.htm
Wednesday, January 8, 2020
Mission Statement And Acceptable Use Policy At Wuhan...
Mission Statement and Acceptable Use Policy at Wuhan Foreign Languages School This paper evaluates the mission statement at Wuhan Foreign Languages School (WFLS). It also attempts to examine the technology mission statement, however, WFLS does not have one. Consequently, this paper suggests one for WFLS. The technology mission statement should also be interpreted as a guide for integrating technology into the school and classroom. Finally, this paper evaluates the Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) of WFLS, and also offers suggestions for improving it and further aligning it with the mission statement of the school. WFLS Mission Statement The mission statement of Wuhan Foreign Languages School is â€Å"Educating students with a focus on foreign†¦show more content†¦There’s a sign near the main entrance of the school that everyone who enters the school can see. Additionally, it’s painted on a wall in the building with all the teachers’ offices, and on another wall, which is a fairly common hallway in a classroom building. The mission statement also appears on the school website. It is visible to everyone, and probably most people are at least aware of it, but beyond that, it is undetermined how well it is actually communicated to people. If these were the only ways, it is effortless overlook. The mission statement does not reflect on anything regarding ethical or legal practices. However, again based on Chinese culture, these would be assumed or overlooked. In Chinese culture, it seems that reputation and results are more important than legal and ethical practices, not that everyone or every business is illegal or corrupt. But regarding education, parents are much more concerned that their child be given every advantage possible over the millions of other children, and attending a school that has a reputation of students achieving high exam scores or being given opportunities to go abroad for college are much more relevant and imperative to them than ethical or legal practices. WFLS Technology Mission Statement Wuhan Foreign Languages School does not have a mission statement that specifically addresses their technology. Because of this, the author decided to create a mission statement for them. The mission statement is
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